Pestovanie viniča hroznorodého (V. vinifera) v Nitrianskom kraji v kontexte klimatických zmien

Growing of the Grapevine (V. vinifera) in the Nitra Region in the Context of Climate Change

Jana Némethová, Filip Krajči

In: Geografické informácie (Geographical Information), Ročník (Volume) 26, Číslo (Issue) 1, 2022, p. 72-87, ISSN 1337-9453

DOI: 10.17846/GI.2022.26.1.72-87

Abstract

Ongoing global climate changes bring new challenges to the viticulture sector. For the sustainability of this sector in the future, it’s necessary to draw attention to the problems related to climate change. Our research is focused on the Nitra Region, which is a typical wine-growing region of Slovakia, which includes the 3 wine-growing regions of Slovakia – Nitra, South Slovak and Central Slovak. The aim of the contribution was to point out the consequences of climate change on the cultivation of vines in the Nitra Region with the help of multi-year measurements of selected meteorological elements (1961 – 2010 and 2020) and climate predictions of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios for the years 2050 and 2080. Climatic changes are manifested mainly by increasing the average annual air temperature, length of sunshine, lengthening the growing season and reducing the average amount of precipitation. We presented the mentioned meteorological phenomena cartographically on the monitored multi-year measurements. After applying the two emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the Nitra Region in the predicted years 2050 and 2080, the expected increase in the average annual air temperature was confirmed. When forecasting the total annual precipitation, we found a reduction in the difference in the total precipitation in areas with different altitudes. A lower amount of precipitation is expected especially on the Danube Plain. The Nitra region also achieves very favorable values in other evaluated indicators that have a positive effect on grape growing (sum of active daily temperatures, length of the growing season, average annual amount of sunshine duration).

Keywords: vitis vinifera, viticulture, climate changes, Central Europe, Slovakia, Nitra Region

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