Meniaca sa geopolitická pozícia Arktídy v súčasnom svete

The Changing Geopolitical Position of the Arctic in the Contemporary World

Daniel Gurňák, Henrik Sirotňák, Filip Šandor

In: Geografické informácie (Geographical Information), Ročník (Volume) 28, Číslo (Issue) 1, 2024, p. 19-35, ISSN 1337-9453

DOI: 10.17846/GI.2024.28.1.19-35

Abstract

This study examines the Arctic region through a political geography framework, addressing key factors such as demographics, climate dynamics, transportation infrastructure, geopolitics, military strategies, and international relations. The region's extreme climatic conditions restrict population growth and shape diverse demographic trends influenced by resource extraction, migration patterns, and the presence of indigenous communities. The Arctic's abundant natural resources are increasingly pivotal in the global economy, driven by escalating demand for energy and metals, alongside significant environmental challenges related to climate change that impact fisheries and biodiversity. Transportation infrastructure is evolving, with a focus on maritime routes and emerging pipelines that adapt to the region's harsh conditions. The geopolitical significance of the Arctic is heightened as nations bolster military capabilities and strategic infrastructure, a trend rooted in historical conflicts such as World War II and the Cold War. Notably, Russia maintains a dominant position with extensive Arctic military assets, while U.S., Canadian, and NATO efforts are expanding but remain less comprehensive. Climate change and resource competition are intensifying geopolitical tensions, particularly involving Russia and China’s ambitions in the region.

Keywords: Arctic, geopolitical changes, polar regions, macroregions of the world

FULL TEXT